Most of the efforts in this category are part of the NSF-funded Nano-Science and Engineering Center here at UIUC, which has liquid-based nanomanufacturing as its main goal. We create all kinds of large-scale microfluidic networks and integrate these with different electrical and optical sensor arrays, as well as nozzles for different printing technologies. Furthermore, we have studied the fundamentals behind the transfer of droplets from one surface to a receiving surface, a core operation of any printing process. More recently, we have studied the fundamentals of charge transport through self-assembled monolayers which is leading to novel, impedance spectroscopy-based sensor surfaces. We will be updating our research areas soon!